Gene References

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C (Previous

CYP3A5 (cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5)

See CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4).

CYP4B1 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily B, polypeptide 1)

Asghar A, Gorski JC, Haehner-Daniels B, Hall SD. Induction of multidrug resistance-1 and cytochrome P450 mRNAs in human mononuclear cells by rifampin. Drug Metab Dispos 2002; 30:20-6.

Ashkar S, Mesentsev A, Zhang WX, Mastyugin V, Dunn MW, Laniado-Schwartzman M. Retinoic acid induces corneal epithelial CYP4B1 gene expression and stimulates the synthesis of inflammatory 12-hydroxyeicosanoids. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20:65-74.

Baer BR, Rettie AE, Henne KR. Bioactivation of 4-ipomeanol by CYP4B1: adduct characterization and evidence for an enedial intermediate. Chem Res Toxicol 2005; 18:855-64.

Baer BR, Rettie AE. CYP4B1: an enigmatic P450 at the interface between xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2006; 38:451-76.

Carr BA, Ramakanth S, Dannan GA, Yost GS. Characterization of pulmonary CYP4B2, specific catalyst of methyl oxidation of 3-methylindole. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 63:1137-47.

Choi JS, Lee WJ, Baik SH et al. Array CGH reveals genomic aberrations in human emphysema. Lung 2009; 187:165-72.

Czerwinski M, McLemore TL, Gelboin HV, Gonzalez FJ. Quantification of CYP2B7, CYP4B1, and CYPOR messenger RNAs in normal human lung and lung tumors. Cancer Res 1994; 54:1085-91.

Dai GD, Cui LB, Song L et al. Metabolism of terephthalic acid and its effects on CYP4B1 induction. Biomed Environ Sci 2006; 19:8-14.

Deeken JF, Cormier T, Price DK et al. A pharmacogenetic study of docetaxel and thalidomide in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer using the DMET genotyping platform. Pharmacogenomics J 2010; 10:191-9.

Fischer A, Pallauf J, Gohil K, Weber SU, Packer L, Rimbach G. Effect of selenium and vitamin E deficiency on differential gene expression in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:470-5.

Hickey NJ, Crump D, Jones SP, Kennedy SW. Effects of 18 perfluoroalkyl compounds on mRNA expression in chicken embryo hepatocyte cultures. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:311-20.

Hiratsuka M, Nozawa H, Konno Y, Saito T, Konno S, Mizugaki M. Human CYP4B1 gene in the japanese population analyzed by denaturing HPLC. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2004; 19:114-9.

Imaoka S, Hayashi K, Hiroi T, Yabusaki Y, Kamataki T, Funae Y. A transgenic mouse expressing human CYP4B1 in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:757-62.

Imaoka S, Yoneda Y, Sugimoto T et al. CYP4B1 is a possible risk factor for bladder cancer in humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 277:776-80.

Imaoka S, Yoneda Y, Sugimoto T et al. Androgen regulation of CYP4B1 responsible for mutagenic activation of bladder carcinogens in the rat bladder: detection of CYP4B1 mRNA by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Lett 2001; 166:119-23.

Jiang JH, Jia WH, Qin HD, Liang H, Pan ZG, Zeng YX. Expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and non-cancerous nasopharynx tissue. Ai Zheng 2004; 23:672-7.

Leclerc J, Courcot-Ngoubo Ngangue E, Cauffiez C et al. Xenobiotic metabolism and disposition in human lung: transcript profiling in non-tumoral and tumoral tissues. Biochimie 2011; 93:1012-27.

Lo-Guidice JM, Allorge D, Cauffiez C et al. Genetic polymorphism of the human cytochrome P450 CYP4B1: evidence for a non-functional allelic variant. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12:367-74.

Milic NL, Ngo SN, Marchant CL, Height TA, McKinnon RA. Pulmonary cytochrome P450 enzymes belonging to the CYP4B subfamily from an Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:60-6.

Murai T, Mori Y, Tatematsu K et al. Differences in susceptibility to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis between SD/gShi rats with spontaneous hypospermatogenesis and SD/cShi rats with spontaneous hydronephrosis. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:637-44.

National Toxicology Program. Final report on carcinogens background document for styrene. Rep Carcinog Backgr Doc 2008:i-398.

Roos PH, Belik R, Föllmann W et al. Expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1 and CYP4B1 in cultured transitional cells from specimens of the human urinary tract and from urinary sediments. Arch Toxicol 2006; 80:45-52.

Sarikaya D, Bilgen C, Kamataki T, Topcu Z. Comparative cytochrome P450 -1A1, -2A6, -2B6, -2C, -2D6, -2E1, -3A5 and -4B1 expressions in human larynx tissue analysed at mRNA level. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2006; 27:353-9.

Sasaki T, Horikawa M, Orikasa K et al. Possible relationship between the risk of Japanese bladder cancer cases and the CYP4B1 genotype. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 38:634-40.

Tamaki Y, Arai T, Sugimura H et al. Association between cancer risk and drug metabolizing enzyme gene (CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP4B1, SULT1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1) polymorphisms in Japanese cases of lung cancer. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011. doi:10. 2133/dmpk. DMPK-11-RG-046.

Weems JM, Yost GS. 3-Methylindole metabolites induce lung CYP1A1 and CYP2F1 enzymes by AhR and non-AhR mechanisms, respectively. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:696-704.

Yang K, Zhang G, Mei J, Chen D, Wu M. Screening and analysis of pathogenic genes during DMBA-induced buccal mucosa carcinogenesis in golden hamsters. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:1619-24.

Ye Z, Liu Z, Henderson A et al. Increased CYP4B1 mRNA is associated with the inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by caffeic acid in mice. Exp Biol Med 2009; 234:605-16.

Zhang X, Zhang QY, Liu D et al. Expression of cytochrome p450 and other biotransformation genes in fetal and adult human nasal mucosa. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1423-8.

CYP4F2 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 2)

Akiyama M, Shimizu H. An update on molecular aspects of the non-syndromic ichthyoses. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:373-82.

Alexanian A, Rufanova VA, Miller B, Flasch A, Roman RJ, Sorokin A. Down-regulation of 20-HETE synthesis and signaling inhibits renal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:3819-24.

Baker JR, Edwards RJ, Lasker JM, Moore MR, Satarug S. Renal and hepatic accumulation of cadmium and lead in the expression of CYP4F2 and CYP2E1. Toxicol Lett 2005; 159:182-91.

Bardowell SA, Stec DE, Parker RS. Common variants of cytochrome P450 4F2 exhibit altered vitamin E-{omega}-hydroxylase specific activity. J Nutr 2010; 140:1901-6.

Borgiani P, Ciccacci C, Forte V et al. CYP4F2 genetic variant (rs2108622) significantly contributes to warfarin dosing variability in the Italian population. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:261-6.

Caldwell MD, Awad T, Johnson JA et al. CYP4F2 genetic variant alters required warfarin dose. Blood 2008; 111:4106-12.

Ciccacci C, Falconi M, Paolillo N et al. Characterization of a novel CYP2C9 gene mutation and structural bioinformatic protein analysis in a warfarin hypersensitive patient. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:344-6.

Costea I, Mack DR, Israel D et al. Genes involved in the metabolism of poly-unsaturated fatty-acids (PUFA) and risk for Crohn’s disease in children & young adults. PLoS One 2010. doi:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0015672.

Curley CR, Monsuur AJ, Wapenaar MC, Rioux JD, Wijmenga C. A functional candidate screen for coeliac disease genes. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14:1215-22.

Deng S, Zhu G, Liu F et al. CYP4F2 gene V433M polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke in the male Northern Chinese Han population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:664-8.

Dhar M, Sepkovic DW, Hirani V, Magnusson RP, Lasker JM. Omega oxidation of 3-hydroxy fatty acids by the human CYP4F gene subfamily enzyme CYP4F11. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:612-24.

Ding H, Cui G, Zhang L et al. Association of common variants of CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 with stroke in the Han Chinese population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2010; 20:187-94.

Döring F, Rimbach G, Lodge JK. In silico search for single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes important in vitamin E homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2004; 56:615-20.

Falus A, Fenyő M, Eder K, Madarasi A. Genome-wide gene expression study indicates the anti-inflammatory effect of polarized light in recurrent childhood respiratory disease. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:965-72.

Fava C, Montagnana M, Almgren P et al. The V433M variant of the CYP4F2 is associated with ischemic stroke in male Swedes beyond its effect on blood pressure. Hypertension 2008; 52:373-80.

Fer M, Corcos L, Dréano Y et al. Cytochromes P450 from family 4 are the main omega hydroxylating enzymes in humans: CYP4F3B is the prominent player in PUFA metabolism. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:2379-89.

Fu Z, Nakayama T, Sato N et al. A haplotype of the CYP4F2 gene associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 96:145-7.

Fu Z, Nakayama T, Sato N et al. A haplotype of the CYP4F2 gene is associated with cerebral infarction in Japanese men. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21:1216-23.

Fu Z, Nakayama T, Sato N et al. Haplotype-based case-control study of the human CYP4F2 gene and essential hypertension in Japanese subjects. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1719-26.

Geisen C, Luxembourg B, Watzka M et al. Prediction of phenprocoumon maintenance dose and phenprocoumon plasma concentration by genetic and non-genetic parameters. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:371-81.

Hardwick JP. Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase (CYP4) function in fatty acid metabolism and metabolic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:2263-75.

Hsu MH, Savas U, Griffin KJ, Johnson EF. Regulation of human cytochrome P450 4F2 expression by sterol regulatory element-binding protein and lovastatin. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:5225-36.

Hsu MH, Savas U, Lasker JM, Johnson EF. Genistein, resveratrol, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside induce cytochrome P450 4F2 expression through an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:125-36.

Hu BC, Li Y, Li FH et al. Peripheral and central augmentation indexes in relation to the CYP4F2 polymorphisms in Chinese. J Hypertens 2011; 29:501-8.

Huang D, Fu ZY, Yang YN, Xie X, Wang YH, Ma YT. Association on the haplotypes of CYP4F2 gene and myocardial infarction. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2009; 30:733-6.

Ikehata A, Hiwatashi N, Kinouchi Y, Ito K, Yamazaki H, Toyota T. Leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993; 49:489-94.

Imaoka S, Hashizume T, Funae Y. Localization of rat cytochrome P450 in various tissues and comparison of arachidonic acid metabolism by rat P450 with that by human P450 orthologs. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005; 20:478-84.

Jin R, Koop DR, Raucy JL, Lasker JM. Role of human CYP4F2 in hepatic catabolism of the proinflammatory agent leukotriene B4. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 359:89-98.

Jin Y, Zollinger M, Borell H, Zimmerlin A, Patten CJ. CYP4F enzymes are responsible for the elimination of fingolimod (FTY720), a novel treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:191-8.

Kiang TK, Ho PC, Anari MR, Tong V, Abbott FS, Chang TK. Contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 to valproic acid metabolism in hepatic microsomes from individuals with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype. Toxicol Sci 2006; 94:261-71.

Kikuta Y, Kusunose E, Kusunose M. Prostaglandin and leukotriene omega-hydroxylases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2002; 68-9:345-62.

Kikuta Y, Miyauchi Y, Kusunose E, Kusunose M. Expression and molecular cloning of human liver leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase (CYP4F2) gene. DNA Cell Biol 1999; 18:723-30.

Komen JC, Wanders RJ. Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the omega-hydroxylation of phytanic acid. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3794-8.

Kovarik JM, Dole K, Riviere GJ et al. Ketoconazole increases fingolimod blood levels in a drug interaction via CYP4F2 inhibition. J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 49:212-8.

Kroetz DL, Xu F. Regulation and inhibition of arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylases and 20-HETE formation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 45:413-38.

Krusekopf S, Roots I. St. John’s wort and its constituent hyperforin concordantly regulate expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in basic cellular pathways. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15:817-29.

Lacut K, Ayme-Dietrich E, Gourhant L et al. Impact of genetic factors (VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP4F2 and EPHX1) on anticoagulation response to fluindione. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2125. 2011. 04095. x.

Lai G, Liu X, Wu J, Liu H, Zhao Y. Evaluation of CMV and KAP promoters for driving the expression of human CYP4F2 in transgenic mice. Int J Mol Med 2012; 29:107-12.

Le Quéré V, Plée-Gautier E, Potin P, Madec S, Salaün JP. Human CYP4F3s are the main catalysts in the oxidation of fatty acid epoxides. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1446-58.

Lefèvre C, Bouadjar B, Ferrand V et al. Mutations in a new cytochrome P450 gene in lamellar ichthyosis type 3. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:767-76.

Liu H, Zhao Y, Nie D et al. Association of a functional cytochrome P450 4F2 haplotype with urinary 20-HETE and hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:714-21.

Liu X, Zhao Y, Wang L et al. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 4F2 in mice increases 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production and arterial blood pressure. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1288-96.

Madec S, Cerec V, Plee-Gautier E et al. CYP4F3B expression is associated with differentiation of HepaRG human hepatocytes and unaffected by fatty acid overload. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1987-96.

Major JM, Yu K, Wheeler W et al. Genome-wide association study identifies common variants associated with circulating vitamin E levels. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3876-83.

McDonald MG, Rieder MJ, Nakano M, Hsia CK, Rettie AE. CYP4F2 is a vitamin K1 oxidase: An explanation for altered warfarin dose in carriers of the V433M variant. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 75:1337-46.

Munshi A, Sharma V, Kaul S et al. Association of 1347 G/A cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) gene variant with hypertension and stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2011. doi:10. 1007/s11033-011-0907-y.

Niu W, Gao P, Zhu D. Haplotype-based case-control study of the human CYP4F2 gene and essential hypertension in Japanese subjects. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:529.

Ohnmacht S, Nava P, West R, Parker R, Atkinson J. Inhibition of oxidative metabolism of tocopherols with omega-N-heterocyclic derivatives of vitamin E. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7631-8.

Parker RS, Sontag TJ, Swanson JE, McCormick CC. Discovery, characterization, and significance of the cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of vitamin E catabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1031:13-21.

Parmentier JH, Lavrentyev EN, Falck JR, Capdevila JH, Malik KU. Evaluation of cytochrome P450 4 family as mediator of phospholipase D activation in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2005; 77:1015-29.

Pérez-Andreu V, Roldán V, Antón AI et al. Pharmacogenetic relevance of CYP4F2 V433M polymorphism on acenocoumarol therapy. Blood 2009; 113:4977-9.

Sanders RJ, Ofman R, Dacremont G, Wanders RJ, Kemp S. Characterization of the human omega-oxidation pathway for omega-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acids. FASEB J 2008; 22:2064-71.

Sanders RJ, Ofman R, Duran M, Kemp S, Wanders RJ. Omega-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids in human liver microsomes. Implications for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:13180-7.

Singh O, Sandanaraj E, Subramanian K, Lee LH, Chowbay B. Influence of CYP4F2 rs2108622 (V433M) on warfarin dose requirement in Asian patients. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 26:130-6.

Snider NT, Walker VJ, Hollenberg PF. Oxidation of the endogenous cannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: physiological and pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:136-54.

Sontag TJ, Parker RS. Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omega-oxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1090-8.

Stec DE, Roman RJ, Flasch A, Rieder MJ. Functional polymorphism in human CYP4F2 decreases 20-HETE production. Physiol Genomics 2007; 30:74-81.

Teichert M, Eijgelsheim M, Uitterlinden AG et al. Dependency of phenprocoumon dosage on polymorphisms in the VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 genes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:26-34.

Tsunedomi R, Iizuka N, Hamamoto Y et al. Patterns of expression of cytochrome P450 genes in progression of hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2005; 27:661-7.

van Belzen MJ, Meijer JW, Sandkuijl LA et al. A major non-HLA locus in celiac disease maps to chromosome 19. Gastroenterology 2003; 125:1032-41.

Ward NC, Tsai IJ, Barden A et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP4F2 but not CYP4A11 gene is associated with increased 20-HETE excretion and blood pressure. Hypertension 2008; 51:1393-8.

Wu JH, Hodgson JM, Clarke MW et al. Inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis using specific plant lignans: in vitro and human studies. Hypertension 2009; 54:1151-8.

Xu F, Falck JR, Ortiz de Montellano PR, Kroetz DL. Catalytic activity and isoform-specific inhibition of rat cytochrome p450 4F enzymes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 308:887-95.

CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1)

An S, Jang YS, Park JS, Kwon BM, Paik YK, Jeong TS. Inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase stimulates cholesterol efflux from macrophages and stimulates farnesoid X receptor in hepatocytes. Exp Mol Med 2008; 40:407-17.

Anakk S, Watanabe M, Ochsner SA, McKenna NJ, Finegold MJ, Moore DD. Combined deletion of Fxr and Shp in mice induces Cyp17a1 and results in juvenile onset cholestasis. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:86-95.

Arai T, Kim HJ, Chiba H, Matsumoto A. Interaction of fenofibrate and fish oil in relation to lipid metabolism in mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:283-91.

Arnoldi A, Crimella C, Tenderini E et al. Clinical phenotype variability in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5 associated with CYP7B1 mutations. Clin Genet 2011. doi:10. 1111/j. 1399-0004. 2011. 01624. x.

Athippozhy A, Huang L, Wooton-Kee CR et al. Differential gene expression in liver and small intestine from lactating rats compared to age-matched virgin controls detects increased mRNA of cholesterol biosynthetic genes. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:95.

Atshaves BP, McIntosh AL, Martin GG et al. Overexpression of sterol carrier protein-2 differentially alters hepatic cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed mice. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1429-47.

Ballatori N, Fang F, Christian WV, Li N, Hammond CL. Ostalpha-Ostbeta is required for bile acid and conjugated steroid disposition in the intestine, kidney, and liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:179-86.

Barcelos AL, Chies R, Almeida SE et al. Association of CYP7A1 -278A>C polymorphism and the response of plasma triglyceride after dietary intervention in dyslipidemic patients. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:487-93.

Bartley GE, Yokoyama W, Young SA et al. Hypocholesterolemic effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are mediated by altered gene expression in hepatic bile and cholesterol pathways of male hamsters. J Nutr 2010; 140:1255-60.

Beraza N, Ofner-Ziegenfuss L, Ehedego H et al. Nor-ursodeoxycholic acid reverses hepatocyte-specific nemo-dependent steatohepatitis. Gut 2011; 60:387-96.

Bertolotti M, Gabbi C, Anzivino C et al. Age-related changes in bile acid synthesis and hepatic nuclear receptor expression. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:501-8.

Bhatnagar S, Damron HA, Hillgartner FB. Fibroblast growth factor-19, a novel factor that inhibits hepatic fatty acid synthesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:10023-33.

Bhuiyan MJ, Do HV, Mun S et al. Hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects of enzymatically modified carbohydrates from rice in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:214-26.

Bijl N, van Roomen CP, Triantis V et al. Reduction of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis stimulates biliary lipid secretion in mice. Hepatology 2009; 49:637-45.

Bjork JA, Lau C, Chang SC, Butenhoff JL, Wallace KB. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced changes in fetal rat liver gene expression. Toxicology 2008; 251:8-20.

Björkhem I, Hansson M. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: an inborn error in bile acid synthesis with defined mutations but still a challenge. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:46-9.

Buqué X, Martínez MJ, Cano A et al. A subset of dysregulated metabolic and survival genes is associated with severity of hepatic steatosis in obese Zucker rats. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:500-13.

Burke KT, Horn PS, Tso P, Heubi JE, Woollett LA. Hepatic bile acid metabolism in the neonatal hamster: expansion of the bile acid pool parallels increased Cyp7a1 expression levels. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:144-51.

Cai SY, He H, Nguyen T, Mennone A, Boyer JL. Retinoic acid represses CYP7A1 expression in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells by FXR/RXR-dependent and independent mechanisms. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2265-74.

Calayir E, Becker TM, Kratzer A et al. LXR-agonists regulate ApoM expression differentially in liver and intestine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2008; 9:516-21.

Chanda D, Xie YB, Choi HS. Transcriptional corepressor SHP recruits SIRT1 histone deacetylase to inhibit LRH-1 transactivation. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:4607-19.

Chang SC, Ehresman DJ, Bjork JA et al. Gestational and lactational exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K+PFOS) in rats: toxicokinetics, thyroid hormone status, and related gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 27:387-99.

Chang YY, Chou CH, Chiu CH et al. Preventive effects of taurine on development of hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat/cholesterol dietary habit. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:450-7.

Chen CW, Cheng HH. A rice bran oil diet increases LDL-receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expressions and insulin sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. J Nutr 2006; 136:1472-6.

Chen J, Huang XF. The effects of diets enriched in beta-glucans on blood lipoprotein concentrations. J Clin Lipidol 2009; 3:154-8.

Chen J, Zhao H, Yang Y, Liu B, Ni J, Wang W. Lipid-lowering and antioxidant activities of Jiang-Zhi-Ning in Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134:919-30.

Chen X, Jiang R, Geng Z. Cold stress in broiler: global gene expression analyses suggest a major role of CYP genes in cold responses. Mol Biol Rep 2011. doi:10. 1007/s11033-011-0754-x.

Cheng Z, Zhou H, Luther M, Yin JJ, Yu LL. Effects of wheat antioxidants on oxygen diffusion-concentration products in liposomes and mRNA levels of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in primary rat hepatocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:5033-42.

Chiang JY. Bile acids: regulation of synthesis. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1955-66.

Chijimatsu T, Tatsuguchi I, Abe K, Oda H, Mochizuki S. A freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract improves cholesterol metabolism in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:2566-71.

Chow EC, Maeng HJ, Liu S, Khan AA, Groothuis GM, Pang KS. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) triggered vitamin D receptor and farnesoid X receptor-like effects in rat intestine and liver in vivo. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2009; 30:457-75.

Chow EC, Sondervan M, Jin C, Groothuis GM, Pang KS. Comparative effects of doxercalciferol (1α-hydroxyvitamin D(2)) versus calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) on the expression of transporters and enzymes in the rat in vivo. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:1594-604.

Chung MJ, Park KW, Kim KH et al. Asian plantain (Plantago asiatica) essential oils suppress 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-co-enzyme A reductase expression in vitro and in vivo and show hypocholesterolaemic properties in mice. Br J Nutr 2008; 99:67-75.

Chung MJ, Sung NJ, Park CS et al. Antioxidative and hypocholesterolemic activities of water-soluble puerarin glycosides in HepG2 cells and in C57 BL/6J mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 578:159-70.

Clerici C, Castellani D, Asciutti S et al. 3alpha-6alpha-Dihydroxy-7alpha-fluoro-5beta-cholanoate (UPF-680), physicochemical and physiological properties of a new fluorinated bile acid that prevents 17alpha-ethynyl-estradiol-induced cholestasis in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 214:199-208.

Csanaky IL, Lu H, Zhang Y, Ogura K, Choudhuri S, Klaassen CD. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1b2 (Oatp1b2) is important for the hepatic uptake of unconjugated bile acids: Studies in Oatp1b2-null mice. Hepatology 2011; 53:272-81.

Cuesta de Juan S, Monte MJ, Macias RI, Wauthier V, Calderon PB, Marin JJ. Ontogenic development-associated changes in the expression of genes involved in rat bile acid homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1362-70.

Dan H, Wu J, Peng M et al. Hypolipidemic effects of Alismatis rhizome on lipid profile in mice fed high-fat diet. Saudi Med J 2011; 32:701-7.

Dávalos A, Fernández-Hernando C, Cerrato F et al. Red grape juice polyphenols alter cholesterol homeostasis and increase LDL-receptor activity in human cells in vitro. J Nutr 2006; 136:1766-73.

de Castro-Orós I, Pampín S, Cofán M et al. Promoter variant -204A > C of the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene: association with response to plant sterols in humans and increased transcriptional activity in transfected HepG2 cells. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:239-46.

Delić D, Dkhil M, Al-Quraishy S, Wunderlich F. Hepatic miRNA expression reprogrammed by Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Parasitol Res 2011; 108:1111-21.

Delić D, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Vohr HW, Dkhil M, Al-Quraishy S, Wunderlich F. Testosterone response of hepatic gene expression in female mice having acquired testosterone-unresponsive immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Steroids 2011; 76:1204-12.

Deng R, Yang D, Radke A, Yang J, Yan B. The hypolipidemic agent guggulsterone regulates the expression of human bile salt export pump: dominance of transactivation over farsenoid X receptor-mediated antagonism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 320:1153-62.

Dikopoulos N, Schmid RM, Bachem M et al. Bile synthesis in rat models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:222-30.

Dong X, Zhao H, Ma X, Wang S. Reduction in bile acid pool causes delayed liver regeneration accompanied by down-regulated expression of FXR and c-Jun mRNA in rats. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2010; 30:55-60.

Drover VAB, Wong NCW, Agellon LB. A distinct thyroid hormone response element mediates repression of the human cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene promoter. Mol Endocr 2002; 16:14-23.

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CYP11B2 (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)

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Alves AJ, Eynon N, Oliveira J, Goldhammer E. RAAS and adrenergic genes in heart failure: Function, predisposition and survival implications. World J Cardiol 2010; 2:187-97.

Amar L, Azizi M, Menard J, Peyrard S, Watson C, Plouin PF. Aldosterone synthase inhibition with LCI699: a proof-of-concept study in patients with primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 2010; 56:831-8.

Aoyagi T, Koshimizu TA, Tanoue A. Vasopressin regulation of blood pressure and volume: findings from V1a receptor-deficient mice. Kidney Int 2009; 76:1035-9.

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Bandulik S, Penton D, Barhanin J, Warth R. TASK1 and TASK3 potassium channels: determinants of aldosterone secretion and adrenocortical zonation. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:450-7.

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Bantis C, Heering PJ, Stangou M et al. Influence of aldosterone synthase gene C-344T polymorphism on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrology 2011. doi:10. 1111/j. 1440-1797. 2011. 01497. x.

Belenkov YN, Privalova EV, Kaplunova VY, Stambol’skiĭ DV, Fomin AA. Analysis of morpho-functional parameters of the heart and polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes in patients with different variants of the course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Kardiologiia 2010; 50:27-34.

Bellili NM, Foucan L, Fumeron F et al. Associations of the -344 T>C and the 3097 G>A polymorphisms of CYP11B2 gene with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in a French population. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:660-7.

Bielohuby M, Roemmler J, Manolopoulou J et al. Chronic growth hormone excess is associated with increased aldosterone: a study in patients with acromegaly and in growth hormone transgenic mice. Exp Biol Med 2009; 234:1002-9.

Cao FF, Chen XD, Wang QS et al. Associations of the genetic polymorphisms in CYP11B2 gene with nonfamilial structural atrial fibrillation. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2009; 30:1069-72.

Cao H, Qiu C, Zhu P et al. The relationship between left ventricular hypervoltage and CYP11B2 (344T/C) polymorphism in Keriyans. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:375-9.

Carvajal CA, Stehr CB, González PA et al. A de novo unequal cross-over mutation between CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genes causes familial hyperaldosteronism type I. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:140-4.

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Chen B, Nie S, Luo S, Zhang W, Xiao C. Association of the human CYP11B2 gene and essential hypertension in southwest Han Chinese population: a haplotype-based case-control study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 33:106-12.

Chen B, Nie S, Yue Z, Shou W, Xiao C. Haplotype-based case-control study of the human CYP11B2 gene and essential hypertension in Yi and Hani minorities of China. Biochem Genet 2011; 49:122-37.

Cheng X, Xu G. A systemic review of the relationship between aldosterone synthase – 344 C/T polymorphism and hypertension in Han. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010; 32:301-7.

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Coulombe N, Lefebvre A, Lehoux JG. Characterization of the hamster CYP11B2 gene encoding adrenal cytochrome P450 aldosterone synthase. DNA Cell Biol 1997; 16:993-1002.

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Deng CN, Shen LH, Tang CS. Effect of spironolactone on L-arginine/iNOS/NO pathway of aortic adventitia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2010; 90:424-6.

Dierks A, Lichtenauer UD, Sackmann S et al. Identification of adrenal genes regulated in a potassium-dependent manner. J Mol Endocrinol 2010; 45:193-206.

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Gamliel-Lazarovich A, Gantman A, Coleman R, Jeng AY, Kaplan M, Keidar S. FAD286, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, reduced atherosclerosis and inflammation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1900-7.

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Guasti L, Paul A, Laufer E, King P. Localization of Sonic hedgehog secreting and receiving cells in the developing and adult rat adrenal cortex. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 336:117-22.

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Hakki T, Hübel K, Waldmann H, Bernhardt R. The development of a whole-cell based medium throughput screening system for the discovery of human aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors: old drugs disclose new applications for the therapy of congestive heart failure, myocardial fibrosis and hypertension. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:120-8.

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Hu Q, Jagusch C, Hille UE, Haupenthal J, Hartmann RW. Replacement of imidazolyl by pyridyl in biphenylmethylenes results in selective CYP17 and dual CYP17/CYP11B1 inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5749-58.

Huang BS, Leenen FH. Mineralocorticoid actions in the brain and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 13:214-20.

Huang BS, Zheng H, Tan J, Patel KP, Leenen FH. Regulation of hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress by aldosterone. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:1028-38.

Huang HD, Lin FJ, Li XJ, Wang LR, Jiang GR. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Chinese patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to IgA nephropathy. Chin Med J 2010; 123:3238-42.

Huang XJ, Ihsan A, Wang X et al. Long-term dose-dependent response of Mequindox on aldosterone, corticosterone and five steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs in the adrenal of male rats. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191:167-73.

Huriletemuer H, Zhang C, Niu G, Zhao S, Hurile H. Gene polymorphisms and related risk factors in Mongolian hypertensive stroke patients. Neurosciences 2010; 15:184-9.

Inglis GC, Kenyon CJ, Szpirer C, Klinga-Levan K, Sutcliffe RG, Connell JM. Microsatellite polymorphism analysis allows the individual assignment of the rat 11 beta-hydroxylase gene (Cyp11b1) and the rat aldosterone synthase gene (Cyp11b2) to chromosome 7 using rat x mouse somatic cell hybrids and identifies differences between and within various rat strains. J Mol Endocrinol 1995; 14:303-11.

Ji K, Seo J, Liu X et al. Genotoxicity and endocrine-disruption potentials of sediment near an oil spill site: Two years after the Hebei spirit oil spill. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:7481-8.

Kagerer SM, Eichholz C, Jöhren O. Orexins/hypocretins increase the promoter activity of selective steroidogenic enzymes. Peptides 2011; 32:839-43.

Kamrath C, Maser-Gluth C, Haag C, Schulze E. Diagnosis of glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism in hypertensive children. Horm Res Paediatr 2011; 76:93-8.

Karashima S, Takeda Y, Cheng Y et al. Clinical characteristics of primary hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal microadenoma. Steroids 2011; 76:1363-6.

Kawarazaki H, Ando K, Fujita M et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation: a major contributor to salt-induced renal injury and hypertension in young rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:1402-9.

Khorram NM, Magee TR, Wang C, Desai M, Ross M, Khorram O. Maternal undernutrition programs offspring adrenal expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:931-40.

Kim SM, Chin HJ, Oh YK, Kim YS, Kim S, Lim CS. Blood pressure-related genes and the progression of IgA nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 2009; 113:301-8.

Ko T, Kakizoe Y, Wakida N et al. Regulation of adrenal aldosterone production by serine protease prostasin. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010. doi:10. 1155/2010/793843.

Kraugerud M, Zimmer KE, Dahl E et al. Three structurally different polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (Pcb 118, 153, and 126) affect hormone production and gene expression in the human H295R in vitro model. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010; 73:1122-32.

Kurbanova D, Eliseyeva M. Genetic background of left ventricular hypertrophy in Uzbek hypertensive men. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2010; 38:466-72.

LaSala D, Shibanaka Y, Jeng AY. Coexpression of CYP11B2 or CYP11B1 with adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase for assessing the potency and selectivity of aldosterone synthase inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2009; 394:56-61.

Lee G, Makhanova N, Caron K et al. Homeostatic responses in the adrenal cortex to the absence of aldosterone in mice. Endocrinology 2005; 146:2650-6.

Lee IS, Kim SY, Jang HW et al. Genetic analyses of the chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene in a Korean family with glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1379-83.

Lee JE, Bae SY, Kim JY et al. Aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) polymorphism in Korean End-Stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Electrolyte Blood Press 2009; 7:67-72.

Li H, Förstermann U. Prevention of atherosclerosis by interference with the vascular nitric oxide system. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15:3133-45.

Li XM, Ling Y, Lu DR et al. Association of the aldosterone synthase gene -344T>C polymorphism with essential hypertension and glucose homeostasis: A case-control study in a Han Chinese population. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:598-604.

Li Y, Zhou Y, Yang P et al. Interaction of ACE and CYP11B2 genes on blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide in Han Chinese hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 33:141-6.

Liu C, Zhang X, Chang H et al. Effects of fluorotelomer alcohol 8:2 FTOH on steroidogenesis in H295R cells: targeting the cAMP signalling cascade. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 247:222-8.

Lucas S, Negri M, Heim R, Zimmer C, Hartmann RW. Fine-tuning the selectivity of aldosterone synthase inhibitors: structure-activity and structure-selectivity insights from studies of heteroaryl substituted 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-4-one derivatives. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2307-19.

Lundqvist J, Norlin M, Wikvall K. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 affects hormone production and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in human adrenocortical NCI-H295R cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1801:1056-62.

Luther JM, Luo P, Kreger MT et al. Aldosterone decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in murine islets. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2152-63.

MacInnis MJ, Koehle MS, Rupert JL. Evidence for a genetic basis for altitude illness: 2010 update. High Alt Med Biol 2010; 11:349-68.

Maitland-van der Zee AH, Turner ST, Schwartz GL, Chapman AB, Klungel OH, Boerwinkle E. A multilocus approach to the antihypertensive pharmacogenetics of hydrochlorothiazide. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15:287-93.

Makhanova N, Lee G, Takahashi N et al. Kidney function in mice lacking aldosterone. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 290:61-9.

Martinerie L, Viengchareun S, Meduri G, Kim HS, Luther JM, Lombès M. Aldosterone postnatally, but not at birth, is required for optimal induction of renal mineralocorticoid receptor expression and sodium reabsorption. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2483-91.

Martinez-Arguelles DB, Guichard T, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. In utero exposure to the antiandrogen di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate decreases adrenal aldosterone production in the adult rat. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:51-61.

McNamara DM. Genomic variation and neurohormonal intervention in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 2010; 6:35-43.

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Mukai K, Imai M, Shimada H, Ishimura Y. Isolation and characterization of rat CYP11B genes involved in late steps of mineralo- and glucocorticoid syntheses. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:9130-7.

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CYP19A1 (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1)

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Boon WC, Horne MK. Aromatase and its inhibition in behaviour, obsessive compulsive disorder and parkinsonism. Steroids 2011; 76:816-9.

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Bouhali K, Dipietromaria A, Fontaine A et al. Allelic reduction of Dlx5 and Dlx6 results in early follicular depletion: a new mouse model of primary ovarian insufficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2642-50.

Boulange-Lecomte C, Geraudie P, Forget-Leray J, Gerbron M, Minier C. Ligula intestinalis infection is associated with alterations of both brain and gonad aromatase expression in roach (Rutilus rutilus). J Helminthol 2011; 85:339-44.

Bouraïma-Lelong H, Vanneste M, Delalande C, Zanatta L, Wolczynski S, Carreau S. Aromatase gene expression in immature rat Sertoli cells: age-related changes in the FSH signalling pathway. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:508-15.

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Brock O, Douhard Q, Baum MJ, Bakker J. Reduced prepubertal expression of progesterone receptor in the hypothalamus of female aromatase knockout mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1814-21.

Brockman R, Bunick D, Mahoney MM. Estradiol deficiency during development modulates the expression of circadian and daily rhythms in male and female aromatase knockout mice. Horm Behav 2011; 60:439-47.

Brown AR, Bickley LK, Le Page G et al. Are toxicological responses in laboratory (inbred) zebrafish representative of those in outbred (wild) populations? – A case study with an endocrine disrupting chemical. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:4166-72.

Brown KA, Hunger NI, Docanto M, Simpson ER. Metformin inhibits aromatase expression in human breast adipose stromal cells via stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:591-6.

Buratti FM, de Angelis G, Ricceri L, Venerosi A, Calamandrei G, Testai E. Foetal and neonatal exposure to chlorpyrifos: biochemical and metabolic alterations in the mouse liver at different developmental stages. Toxicology 2011; 280:98-108.

Burul-Bozkurt N, Pekiner C, Kelicen P. Diabetes alters aromatase enzyme levels in gonadal tissues of rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 382:33-41.

But WM, Lo IF, Shek CC, Tse WY, Lam ST. Ambiguous genitalia, impaired steroidogenesis, and Antley-Bixler syndrome in a patient with P450 oxidoreductase deficiency. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:59-62.

Caglayan AO, Dundar M, Tanriverdi F et al. Idiopathic hirsutism: local and peripheral expression of aromatase (CYP19A) and 5α-reductase genes (SRD5A1 and SRD5A2). Fertil Steril 2011; 96:479-82.

Callard GV, Tarrant AM, Novillo A et al. Evolutionary origins of the estrogen signaling system: Insights from amphioxus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011. doi:10. 1016/j. jsbmb. 2011. 03. 022.

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Carreau S, Bois C, Zanatta L, Silva FR, Bouraima-Lelong H, Delalande C. Estrogen signaling in testicular cells. Life Sci 2011; 89:584-7.

Catalano S, Malivindi R, Giordano C et al. Farnesoid X receptor, through the binding with steroidogenic factor 1-responsive element, inhibits aromatase expression in tumor Leydig cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:5581-93.

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Cavaliere C, Corvigno S, Galgani M, Limite G, Nardone A, Veneziani BM. Combined inhibitory effect of formestane and herceptin on a subpopulation of CD44+/CD24low breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1661-9.

Celhay O, Yacoub M, Irani J, Dore B, Cussenot O, Fromont G. Expression of estrogen related proteins in hormone refractory prostate cancer: association with tumor progression. J Urol 2010; 184:2172-8.

Ceyhan ST, Onguru O, Fidan U et al. Comparison of aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) and immunomodulators (infliximab and etanercept) on the regression of endometriotic implants in a rat model. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 154:100-4.

Chan MY, Huang H, Leung LK. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin increases aromatase (CYP19) mRNA stability in MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 317:8-13.

Chand AL, Herridge KA, Howard TL, Simpson ER, Clyne CD. Tissue-specific regulation of aromatase promoter II by the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1 in breast adipose stromal fibroblasts. Steroids 2011; 76:741-4.

Chand AL, Herridge KA, Thompson EW, Clyne CD. The orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1 promotes breast cancer motility and invasion. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010; 17:965-75.

Chanplakorn N, Chanplakorn P, Suzuki T et al. Increased 5α-reductase type 2 expression in human breast carcinoma following aromatase inhibitor therapy: the correlation with decreased tumor cell proliferation. Horm Cancer 2011; 2:73-81.

Charlier TD, Newman AE, Heimovics SA, Po KW, Saldanha CJ, Soma KK. Rapid effects of aggressive interactions on aromatase activity and oestradiol in discrete brain regions of wild male white-crowned sparrows. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:742-53.

Chavez C, Gogos A, Hill R et al. Differential effect of amphetamine on c-fos expression in female aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice compared to wildtype controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011; 36:761-8.

Chen D, Reierstad S, Fang F, Bulun SE. JunD and JunB integrate prostaglandin E2 activation of breast cancer-associated proximal aromatase promoters. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:767-75.

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Chen SH, Chou FF, Ko JY. The use of simvastatin with aromasin in an ovariectomized rat model: effects on the skeletal system. Chang Gung Med J 2010; 33:509-14.

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Tan SH, Lee SC, Goh BC, Wong J. Pharmacogenetics in breast cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:8027-41.

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Wood PM, Woo LW, Labrosse JR et al. Bicyclic derivatives of the potent dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitor 2-bromo-4-{[(4-cyanophenyl)(4h-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino]methyl}phenylsulfamate: synthesis, SAR, crystal structure, and in vitro and in vivo activities. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1577-93.

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Xu C, Chen JA, Qiu Z et al. Ovotoxicity and PPAR-mediated aromatase downregulation in female Sprague-Dawley rats following combined oral exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:323-32.

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Yang JH, Kondratyuk TP, Marler LE et al. Isolation and evaluation of kaempferol glycosides from the fern Neocheiropteris palmatopedata. Phytochemistry 2010; 71:641-7.

Yang SY, Yang TY, Chen KC et al. EGFR L858R mutation and polymorphisms of genes related to estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism in never-smoking female lung adenocarcinoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2149-58.

Yang X, Chen SQ, Liu M. Association of the CYP19 gene polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to endometriosis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2010; 27:692-6.

Yao S, Xu B, Li Q et al. Goserelin plus letrozole as first- or second-line hormonal treatment in premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Endocr J 2011; 58:509-16.

Yardley DA, Burris HA 3rd, Clark BL et al. Hormonal therapy plus bevacizumab in postmenopausal patients who have hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a phase II Trial of the Sarah Cannon Oncology Research Consortium. Clin Breast Cancer 2011; 11:146-52.

Yilmaz MB, Wolfe A, Zhao H, Brooks DC, Bulun SE. Aromatase promoter I. f is regulated by progesterone receptor in mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell lines. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 47:69-80.

Yiu CC, Sasano H, Ono K, Chow LW. Changes in protein expression after neoadjuvant use of aromatase inhibitors in primary breast cancer: a proteomic approach to search for potential biomarkers to predict response or resistance. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19 Suppl 1:79-89.

Yoon G, Kim TJ, Sung CO et al. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma with multiple lymph node metastasis: a case report. Cancer Res Treat 2011; 43:131-3.

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Yousefi M, Karmaus W, Mudd LM et al. Expression of CYP19 and CYP17 is associated with leg length, weight, and BMI. Obesity 2011; 19:436-41.

Zhang B, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Long J, Zheng W. Genetic variants associated with breast-cancer risk: comprehensive research synopsis, meta-analysis, and epidemiological evidence. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12:477-88.

Zhang B, Shozu M, Okada M et al. Insulin-like growth factor I enhances the expression of aromatase P450 by inhibiting autophagy. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4949-58.

Zhang X, Chang H, Wiseman S et al. Bisphenol A disrupts steroidogenesis in human H295R cells. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:320-7.

Zheng Y, Yu B, Weecharangsan W et al. Transferrin-conjugated lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of aromatase inhibitor 7alpha-APTADD to breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2010; 390:234-41.

Zhong B, Cai X, Yi X, Zhou A, Chen S, Su B. In vitro and in vivo effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide analog JCC76 in aromatase inhibitors-insensitive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 126:10-8.

Zhong S, Ye WP, Xu PP et al. Aromatase expression in leptin-pretreated human breast pre-adipocytes is enhanced by zeranol and suppressed by (-)-gossypol. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:5077-84.

Zhou J, Cai ZH, Zhu XS, Li L, Gao YF. Innate immune parameters and haemolymph protein expression profile to evaluate the immunotoxicity of tributyltin on abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta). Dev Comp Immunol 2010; 34:1059-67.

Zhou L, Yan T, Jiang Y et al. Prognostic and predictive value of TFF1 for adjuvant endocrine therapy in Chinese women with early ER positive breast cancer: comparing aromatase inhibitors with tamoxifen. Breast 2011; 20:15-20.

Zhu W, Wang L, Zhang L et al. Isoflurane preconditioning neuroprotection in experimental focal stroke is androgen-dependent in male mice. Neuroscience 2010; 169:758-69.

Zimmer C, Hafner M, Zender M, Ammann D, Hartmann RW, Vock CA. N-(Pyridin-3-yl)benzamides as selective inhibitors of human aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:186-90.

CYP27A1 (cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A, polypeptide 1)

Aboraia AS, Makowski B, Bahja A et al. Synthesis and CYP24A1 inhibitory activity of (E)-2-(2-substituted benzylidene)- and 2-(2-substituted benzyl)-6-methoxy-tetralones. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4427-34.

Agic A, Xu H, Altgassen C et al. Relative expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor, vitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase, vitamin D 24-hydroxylase, and vitamin D 25-hydroxylase in endometriosis and gynecologic cancers. Reprod Sci 2007; 14:486-97.

Ahn J, Albanes D, Berndt SI et al. Vitamin D-related genes, serum vitamin D concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:769-76.

Ahn J, Yu K, Stolzenberg-Solomon R et al. Genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D levels. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2739-45.

Bartels LE, Hvas CL, Agnholt J, Dahlerup JF, Agger R. Human dendritic cell antigen presentation and chemotaxis are inhibited by intrinsic 25-hydroxy vitamin D activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:922-8.

Båvner A, Shafaati M, Hansson M et al. On the mechanism of accumulation of cholestanol in the brain of mice with a disruption of sterol 27-hydroxylase. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2722-30.

Beilke LD, Aleksunes LM, Holland RD et al. Constitutive androstane receptor-mediated changes in bile acid composition contributes to hepatoprotection from lithocholic acid-induced liver injury in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:1035-45.

Bevelander GS, Pinto ES, Canario AV, Spanings T, Flik G. CYP27A1 expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus, L. ): effects of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone-related protein. J Endocrinol 2008; 196:625-35.

Bingham TC, Parathath S, Tian H et al. Cholesterol 27-hydroxylase but not Apolipoprotein apoE contributes to A(2A) adenosine receptor stimulated reverse cholesterol transport. Inflammation 2011. doi:10. 1007/s10753-010-9288-y.

Björkhem I, Hansson M. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: an inborn error in bile acid synthesis with defined mutations but still a challenge. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:46-9.

Blomberg Jensen M, Andersen CB, Nielsen JE et al. Expression of the vitamin D receptor, 25-hydroxylases, 1alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase in the human kidney and renal clear cell cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:376-82.

Blomberg Jensen M, Nielsen JE, Jørgensen A et al. Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1303-11.

Bossé Y, Lemire M, Poon AH et al. Asthma and genes encoding components of the vitamin D pathway. Respir Res 2009; 10:98.

Bourkiza R, Joyce S, Patel H et al. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): an association of pulverulent cataracts and pseudo-dominant developmental delay in a family with a splice site mutation in CYP27A1-a case report. Ophthalmic Genet 2010; 31:73-6.

Bu FX, Armas L, Lappe J et al. Comprehensive association analysis of nine candidate genes with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels among healthy Caucasian subjects. Hum Genet 2010; 128:549-56.

Cali JJ, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Russell DW. Mutations in the bile acid biosynthetic enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase underlie cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:7779-83.

Chan J, Donalson LM, Kushwaha RS, Ferdinandusse S, VandeBerg JF, VandeBerg JL. Differential expression of hepatic genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in high- and low-responding strains of laboratory opossums. Metabolism 2008; 57:718-24.

Charvet C, Liao WL, Heo GY et al. Isolevuglandins and mitochondrial enzymes in the retina: mass spectrometry detection of post-translational modification of sterol-metabolizing CYP27A1. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20413-22.

Chen Q, Gruber H, Pakenham C, Ratnayake WM, Scoggan KA. Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols alter the expression of sterol-regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats. Ann Nutr Metab 2009; 55:341-50.

Christakos S, Ajibade DV, Dhawan P, Fechner AJ, Mady LJ. Vitamin D: metabolism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2010; 39:243-53.

Cooper JD, Smyth DJ, Walker NM et al. Inherited variation in vitamin D genes is associated with predisposition to autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:1624-31.

Crosignani A, del Puppo M, Longo M et al. Changes in classic and alternative pathways of bile acid synthesis in chronic liver disease. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 382:82-8.

Diczfalusy U, Olofsson KE, Carlsson AM et al. Marked upregulation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression by lipopolysaccharide. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:2258-64.

Escher G, Vögeli I, Escher R et al. Role of CYP27A1 in progesterone metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:949-55.

Fan BJ, Wang DY, Tham CC, Lam DS, Pang CP. Gene expression profiles of human trabecular meshwork cells induced by triamcinolone and dexamethasone. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:1886-97.

Federico A, Dotti MT, Gallus GN. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. In: Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K (Eds). GeneReviews. University of Washington, Seattle, 1993-2003. Available from: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK1409/

Foresta C, Strapazzon G, de Toni L et al. Bone mineral density and testicular failure: evidence for a role of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase in human testis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:646-52.

Fujii Y, Kabumoto H, Nishimura K et al. Purification, characterization, and directed evolution study of a vitamin D3 hydroxylase from Pseudonocardia autotrophica. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:170-5.

Gallus GN, Dotti MT, Mignarri A et al. Four novel CYP27A1 mutations in seven Italian patients with CTX. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:1259-62.

Gilardi F, Viviani B, Galmozzi A et al. Expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase in glial cells and its regulation by liver X receptor signaling. Neuroscience 2009; 164:530-40.

Gueguen Y, Ferrari L, Souidi M et al. Compared effect of immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A and rapamycin on cholesterol homeostasis key enzymes CYP27A1 and HMG-CoA reductase. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 100:392-7.

Gupta RP, Patrick K, Bell NH. Mutational analysis of CYP27A1: assessment of 27-hydroxylation of cholesterol and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D. Metabolism 2007; 56:1248-55.

Hansson M, Olin M, Floren CH et al. Unique patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Evidence for presence of a defect in a gene that is not identical to sterol 27-hydroxylase. J Intern Med 2007; 261:504-10.

Hayashi K, Sugimoto H, Shinkyo R et al. Structure-based design of a highly active vitamin D hydroxylase from Streptomyces griseolus CYP105A1. Biochemistry 2008; 47:11964-72.

Heo GY, Bederman I, Mast N, Liao WL, Turko IV, Pikuleva IA. Conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to oxysterol metabolites by recombinant CYP27A1 and retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1117-27.

Holt SK, Kwon EM, Peters U, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL. Vitamin D pathway gene variants and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1929-33.

Honda A, Miyazaki T, Ikegami T et al. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylation activity of CYP3A. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1509-16.

Hosseinpour F, Ellfolk M, Norlin M, Wikvall K. Phenobarbital suppresses vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase expression: a potential new mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:603-7.

Janjetovic Z, Tuckey RC, Nguyen MN, Thorpe EM Jr, Slominski AT. 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D3, novel P450scc product, stimulates differentiation and inhibits proliferation and NF-kappaB activity in human keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:36-48.

Javitt NB. Oxysterols: functional significance in fetal development and the maintenance of normal retinal function. Curr Opin Lipidol 2007; 18:283-8.

Kim WS, Chan SL, Hill AF, Guillemin GJ, Garner B. Impact of 27-hydroxycholesterol on amyloid-beta peptide production and ATP-binding cassette transporter expression in primary human neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:121-31.

Landrier JF, Gouranton E, Reboul E et al. Vitamin E decreases endogenous cholesterol synthesis and apo-AI-mediated cholesterol secretion in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:1207-13.

Lechner D, Kállay E, Cross HS. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 downregulates CYP27B1 and induces CYP24A1 in colon cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 263:55-64.

Li T, Chen W, Chiang JY. PXR induces CYP27A1 and regulates cholesterol metabolism in the intestine. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:373-84.

Li X, Pandak WM, Erickson SK et al. Biosynthesis of the regulatory oxysterol, 5-cholesten-3beta,25-diol 3-sulfate, in hepatocytes. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2587-96.

Liao WL, Heo GY, Dodder NG et al. Quantification of cholesterol-metabolizing P450s CYP27A1 and CYP46A1 in neural tissues reveals a lack of enzyme-product correlations in human retina but not human brain. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:241-8.

Luoma PV. Cytochrome P450 and gene activation-from pharmacology to cholesterol elimination and regression of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64:841-50.

Martin RJ, McKnight AJ, Patterson CC, Sadlier DM, Maxwell AP; Warren 3/UK GoKinD Study Group. A rare haplotype of the vitamin D receptor gene is protective against diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:497-503.

Mast N, Reem R, Bederman I et al. Cholestenoic acid is an important elimination product of cholesterol in the retina: comparison of retinal cholesterol metabolism with that in the brain. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:594-603.

Mateos L, Ismail MA, Gil-Bea FJ et al. Side chain-oxidized oxysterols regulate the brain renin-angiotensin system through a liver X receptor-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25574-85.

Matsui I, Hamano T, Tomida K et al. Active vitamin D and its analogue, 22-oxacalcitriol, ameliorate puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2354-61.

Matusiak D, Benya RV. CYP27A1 and CYP24 expression as a function of malignant transformation in the colon. J Histochem Cytochem 2007; 55:1257-64.

Meir K, Kitsberg D, Alkalay I et al. Human sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) overexpressor transgenic mouse model. Evidence against 27-hydroxycholesterol as a critical regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:34036-41.

Mekhtiev AR, Fedchenko VI, Tkachev IaV, Timofeev VP, Misharin AIu. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism in Hep G2 cells by delta8(14)-15-ketoergostane derivatives. Biomed Khim 2010; 56:576-86.

Michaud J, Naud J, Ouimet D et al. Reduced hepatic synthesis of calcidiol in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:1488-97.

Milazzo L, Mazzali C, Bestetti G et al. Liver-related factors associated with low vitamin D levels in HIV and HIV/HCV coinfected patients and comparison to general population. Curr HIV Res 2011; 9:186-93.

Norlin M, Pettersson H, Tang W, Wikvall K. Androgen receptor-mediated regulation of the anti-atherogenic enzyme CYP27A1 involves the JNK/c-jun pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 506:236-41.

Norlin M, Wikvall K. Enzymes in the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. Curr Mol Med 2007; 7:199-218.

Nozue T, Higashikata T, Inazu A et al. Identification of a novel missense mutation in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene in two Japanese patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Intern Med 2010; 49:1127-31.

Petta S, Cammà C, Scazzone C et al. Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferon-based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2010; 51:1158-67.

Pettersson H, Norlin M, Andersson U et al. Metabolism of a novel side chain modified Delta8(14)-15-ketosterol, a potential cholesterol lowering drug: 28-hydroxylation by CYP27A1. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1781:383-90.

Pikuleva IA, Mast N, Liao WL, Turko IV. Studies of membrane topology of mitochondrial cholesterol hydroxylases CYPs 27A1 and 11A1. Lipids 2008; 43:1127-32.

Pilo-de-la-Fuente B, Jimenez-Escrig A, Lorenzo JR et al. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in Spain: clinical, prognostic, and genetic survey. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:1203-11.

Pou J, Rebollo A, Roglans N et al. Ritonavir increases CD36, ABCA1 and CYP27 expression in THP-1 macrophages. Exp Biol Med 2008; 233:1572-82.

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